Data
Galvanize has conducted years of intensive research to elucidate the impact of its pulsed electric field technology on core biological processes.
Ongoing research is focused on developing energy into therapies for airway disease and oncology.
Oncology
Publications
Jimenez M, Flandes J, van der Heijden E, Ng C, Iding J, Garcia-Hierro J, Recalde-Zamacona B, Verhoeven R, Lau R, Moreno-Gonzalez A, Hatton B, Seshaiah P, Plentl M, Krimsky W. Safety and Feasibility of Pulsed Electric Field Ablation for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Prior to Surgical Resection. Accepted manuscript.
Knight D, Hillard H, Handran C, Kuhlman P. Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment of refractory vulvar melanoma concurrently treated with immune checkpoint blockade demonstrating an abscopal response: A case report. Gynecologic Oncology Reports (2025). doi :10.1016/j.gore.2024.101671.
Nafie E, Pastori C, Acharya R, Kaviani R, Hunter D, Shalaby W, Krimsky WS, Neal RE 2nd. Understanding the aliya pulsed electric field dose-response relationship: Implications for ablation size, thermal load, and immune response in an orthotopic murine breast cancer model. PLoS One. 2025 Feb 13;20(2):e0318440. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318440
Arciga BM, Walters DM, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O’Carroll KF, Li G, Teixeiro E, Rachagani S, Kaifi JT. Pulsed electric field ablation as a candidate to enhance the anti-tumor immune response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Lett. 2025 Jan 28;609:217361. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217361. Epub 2024 Nov 26. PMID: 39608443; PMCID: PMC11625606.
Rouhezamin MR, Fintelmann FJ, Huang AJ, Arellano RS, Smolinski-Zhao S, Patel DM, Wehrenberg-Klee EP, Uppot RN. Limited Effectiveness in Early Human Clinical Expérience with Pulsed Electrical Field Ablation. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (2024). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2024.10.033.
Kim, Daniel H. et al. Technical Feasibility and Safety of Image-Guided Biphasic Monopolar Pulsed Electric Field Ablation of Metastatic and Primary Malignancies. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology,2024, epub ahead of print. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2024.08.003.
Rosa Kaviani, Robert E. Neal, David W. Hunter, William S. Krimsky, Tissue Radiologic and Pathologic Response to Biphasic Pulsed Electric Field Technology in a Porcine Model, Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 2024,ISSN 1051-0443, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2024.08.015.
Jimenez M, Fernandez JM, Krimsky WS. Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) treatment of progressive non-small cell lung cancer concurrently treated with immune checkpoint blockade: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep. 2024 Mar 29;49:102018. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.102018. PMID: 38601720; PMCID: PMC11004978.
C. Pastori, E. Nafie, M. S Wagh, J. Mammarappallil, R. Neal. Pulsed Electric Field Ablation versus Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation in Murine Breast Cancer Models: Anticancer Immune Stimulation, Tumor Response, and Abscopal Effects. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2023 Nov 30:S1051-0443(23)00857-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.11.021.
Pastori C, Nafie E, Wagh MS, Hunt SJ, Neal RE 2nd. Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy is improved with a novel pulsed electric field technology in an immune-cold murine model. PLoS One. 2024 Mar 25;19(3):e0299499. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299499
Pastori C, Nafie E, Wagh MS, Mammarappallil JG, Neal RE 2nd. Pulsed Electric Field Ablation versus Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation in Murine Breast Cancer Models: Anticancer Immune Stimulation, Tumor Response, and Abscopal Effects. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2024 Mar;35(3):442-451.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.11.021 – Awarded at SIR 2025 with the “Outstanding Laboratory Investigation Award” among papers published on JVIR in 2024.
Abstracts
Virk H, et al. PEF Ablation: Local Treatment and Beyond. SIR 2025. Nashville, TN.
Hunt S, et al. New Ablation Techniques: Boom or Bust? – PEF. SIR 2025. Nashville, TN.
Fu T, et al. A Single Institutional Experience with Pulsed Electric Field Ablation in the Treatment of Patients with Localized and Metastatic Cancer. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 2025. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2024.12.269.
Morshedi M, et al. Single Center Experience Utilizing Pulse Electrical Field Ablation With and Without Concurrent Immunotherapy as Salvage Therapy. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 2025. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2024.12.278.
Hunt S, et al. Pulse Electrical Field ablation data in lungs and soft tissue. SIR 2025. Nashville, TN.
Arellano R, et al. Is there a role for PEF in liver and kidneys? SIR 2025. Nashville, TN.
Ebtesam HO Nafie, Chiara Pastori, Alicia Moreno-Gonzalez, Krystal Salas, Beryl Hatton, Partha Seshaiah, William Krimsky, Robert E Neal II . Increases in circulating antibodies specific to tumor biopsy samples following intrathoracic Aliya PEF ablation of lung metastases. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 2025.
Chiara Pastori, Ebtesam Nafie and Robert E Neal II. Analysis of long-lasting tumor-specific antibodies from murine tumors treated with Aliya pulsed electric fields. ASCO 2024, JCO 42, e14543-e14543(2024). DOI:10.1200/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.e14543
Tappuni S, et al. Safety and treatment response of Pulsed electric field (PEF) ablation therapy for Recurrent Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 2025.
Meyerhoff R, et al. Safety of CT-guided pulsed electrical field ablation adjacent to sensitive intrathoracic structures for treatment of intrathoracic malignancies. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 2025.
J.P. Harris, N. Abi-Jaoudeh, C. Boyd, et al. A Single-Arm Pilot Study of Combined SBRT and Electric Ablation for Lung Tumors. International Journal of Radiation Oncology; Volume 120, Issue 2, Supplement, e24-e25, October 2024.
Pritchett, M, Reisenauer J., Pua B., and Krimsky, W. S. Abstract NO. 100. Focal Treatment of Metastatic Lung Cancer Using Pulsed Electric Fields: Safety and 30-Day Results from the AFFINITY Study. AABIP 2024 Charlotte, NC.
J. Reisenauer, D. Dibardino, G.J. Criner, M. Callstrom, S. Hunt, J. Panero, and W.S. Krimsky. Neoadjuvant Soft Tissue Ablation Utilizing Aliya™ Pulsed Electric Fields With Systemic Therapy in Early-stage Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)- VIGOR Study (abstract). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024;209:A6883.
Kim D, Suh R, Abtin F, et al. Abstract no. 363 image-guided pulsed electric field ablation for widely metastatic multihistology cancer. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2024;35(3). doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.12.411
Bhanot S, Gulizia D, Galambo F, et al. Abstract no. 354 early experience of novel pulsed electric field ablation in patients with metastatic cancer. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2024;35(3). doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.12.402
R. Meyerhoff. C. Kim, J. Mammarappallil, et al. Safety and Feasibility of CT-guided Percutaneous Irreversible Electroporation of Intrathoracic Malignancies Under Moderate Sedation Using a Single-Probe System. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology; Volume 35, Issue 3, Supplement, S35-S36, March 2024.
Tella J, Klobuka A. Abstract no. 362 ablation of focal liver masses near critical structures using pulsed electrical field therapy (PEF) with the aliya system: A safety and efficacy case series. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2024;35(3). doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.12.410
Cramer P, Datta S, McClure T, et al. Abstract no. 356 safety and short-term efficacy of pulsed electric field ablation. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2024;35(3). doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.12.404
Moore W, Javed Q, Teslakian B, Bhattacharji P. Abstract no. 549 early experience using pulsed electric fields (PEF) in metastatic disease to the lung. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2024;35(3). doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.12.506
Emmons E, Kesselman A, Wang D, Ganjoo K, Hwang G. Abstract no. 556 pulsed electric field ablation in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: Early results. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2024;35(3). doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.12.513
Nafie E, Alinezhadbalalami N, Pastori C, Neal R. Abstract No. 330 ▪ FEATURED ABSTRACT Advanced Biphasic Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Stimulates a More Favorable Immune Response Profile versus Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) Upon Ablation of Murine Breast Cancer. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 2024;35(3). doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.12.375
Moore W, Taslakian, B. Early Experience with PEF in the Setting of Diffuse Metastatic Disease. SIO 2024, Long Beach, CA.
M. Jimenez, J. Fernandez Garcia‐Hierro, J. Flandes Aldeyturriaga, E van der Heijden, C. Ng, R. Lau, et al. Pulsed Electric Fields induces a stepwise activation of host anti‐tumor immunity in patients with early‐stage Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2023;11:doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-SITC2023.0697.
E. Nafie, C. Pastori, M. Wagh, F. Murad, R. Neal. Pulsed Electrical Field Therapy Addition to Systemic Paradigms Increases Circulating Tumor Immunity and Improves Outcomes in Drug-Resistant Murine Solid Tumors. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer Nov 2023, 11 (Suppl 1) A893; DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-SITC2023.0794.
E. Nafie, C. Pastori, M. Wagh, E. Goldschmidt, R. Neal. Pulsed Electric Field Therapy Increases Immune Response and Improves Murine 4T1 Breast Tumor Local and Metastatic Outcomes Relative to Radiofrequency Ablation. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer Nov 2023, 11 (Suppl 1) A15-A17; DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-SITC2023.0015.
E. Nafie, C. Pastori, E. Goldschmidt, M. Wagh, R. Neal. Pulsed Electric Field Therapy Enhances Survival in Murine Breast Cancer Models Relative to Thermal Ablation. Accepted Abstract CIO 2023.
M. Jimenez, J. Flandes Aldeyturriaga, E van der Heijden, J. Fernandez Garcia‐Hierro, C. Ng , C. Prieto, R. Verhoeven, B. Recalde, R. Lau R, J. Iding, A. Moreno‐Gonzalez, B. Hatton, G. Mas, W. Krimsky. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and immune changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in patients with early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treated with Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF). Accepted Abstract Keystone 2023.
E. Nafie, C. Pastori, M. Wagh, F. Murad, M. Trikha, R. Neal. Pulsed Electrical Fields in Combination with Anti-PD1 Significantly Prolongs Survival of Mice with TNBC (EMT6) Murine Breast Tumor. Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 01, 2023) 540-540.
C. Pastori, M. Wagh, E. Nafie, F. Murad, M. Trikha, R. Neal. Combination of Pulsed Electric Field, Immunotherapy and Cisplatin Significantly Prolongs Survival in an Orthotopic Breast Cancer Mouse Model. Cancer Res (2023) 83 (7_Supplement): 6392
C. Pastori, M. Wagh, E. Nafie, F. Murad, M. Trikha, R. Neal. Pulsed Electric Fields Combined with Anti-PD1 Prolongs Survival and Triggers an Adaptive Immune Response in an IO-Non-Responsive Orthotopic Mouse Model. Cancer Res (2023) 83 (7_Supplement): 6638.
C. Pastori, M. Wagh, E. Nafie, F. Murad, R. Neal. Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Ablation Invokes Stronger Immune Cytokine Profile and Tumor Response than Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation for Matched Ablation Volumes. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 2023;Volume 34, Issue 3, Supplement S5.
M. Jimenez, C. Ng, J. Iding, J. Fernandez Garcia-Hierro, R. Lau, J. Flandes Aldeyturriaga, E. van der Heijden, w. Krimsky. Single-Needle Delivery of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) Energy to Early-Stage Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Feasibility and Safety Near Sensitive Structures in the INCITE ES Study. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 2023; Volume 34, Issue 3, Supplement S71-72.
C. Pastori et al. Inclusion of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) to Checkpoint Blockade and Platinum-based Chemotherapy Prolongs Survival in a Metastatic Immunotherapy Resistant Tumor Mouse Model. SIO 2023. Washington, D.C.
J. Iding, P. VanderLaan, M. Jimenez, J. Fernandez Garcia-Hierro, J. Flandes Aldeyturriaga, E. van der Heijden, C. Ng, R. Lau, M. Ludeña, R. Carias, M. Cedeño, A. Moreno-Gonzalez, B. Hatton, W. Krimsky. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors treated with Pulsed Electric Fields. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer 2022;10(Suppl 2):A1–A1595.
M. Silvestrini, C. Pastori, S. Tamakloe, T. O’Brien, C. Allen, R. Neal. Synergy of Local Treatment with Pulsed Electric Fields and Anti-PD1 Checkpoint Blockade. IASLC 2022. Vienna, AT. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2022; Volume 17, Issue 9, Supplement S232.
M. Jimenez, J. M. Fernandez, J. Flandes Aldeyturriaga, E. van der Heijden, W. Krimsky. Focal Treatment of Early Stage NSCLC Using Pulsed Electric Fields: INCITE ES Study. SIR 2022. Boston, MA.
M. Silvestrini, S. Tamakloe, C. Pastori, T. O’Brien, R. Neal. Local Treatment with Pulsed Electric Fields Generates a Tumor Specific Response. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology Vol. 33 Issue 6 Supplement S161–S162. June 2022.
T. O’Brien, W. Krimsky, R. Neal. The Safety of Transbronchial and Percutaneous Delivery of Pulsed Electric Fields in Lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022;205:A5561.
M. Jimenez. Focal Treatment of Early Stage NSCLC Using Pulsed Electric Fields: Safety and 30-Day Results from the INCITE ES Study. SIO 2022. San Francisco, CA.
C. Pastori, T. O’Brien, M. Silvestrini, R. Neal. Primary and Secondary Tumor Response to Combined Delivery of PEF and aPD-1 within 4T-1 and EMT-6 Orthotopic Tumor Models. SIO 2022. San Francisco, CA.
M. Silvestrini, C. Pastori, T. O’Brien, R. Neal. Immunogenicity of Pulsed Electric Fields is Enhanced with the Inclusion of Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. SIO 2022. San Francisco, CA.
Bronchial Rheoplasty
Publications
K. Jensen, T. Egenod, D. Franzen, M. Perch. The Use of Bronchial Rheoplasty in Emphysema Patients Previously Treated with Endoscopic Lung Volume Reduction: A Case Series. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Aug 2024. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S469214
G. Meininger, R. Neal, D. Hunter, W. Krimsky. Absence of Arrhythmogenicity with Biphasic Pulsed Electric Fields Delivered to Porcine Airways. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. Apr 2023. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03190-5. PMID: 37185926.
A. Valipour, S. Fernandez-Bussy, A. Ing, et al. Bronchial Rheoplasty for Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis: 12 Month Results from a Multi-Center Study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2020; Volume 202, Number 5.
F. Sciurba, M. Dransfield, V. Kim, et al. Bronchial rheoplasty for chronic bronchitis: 2-year results from a US feasibility study with RheOx. BMJ Open Respiratory Research 2023;10:e001710.
W. Krimsky, R. Neal, V. Kim. Airway Mucosal Remodeling; Mechanism of Action and Preclinical Data of Pulsed Electric Fields for Chronic Bronchitis and Mucus Hypersecretion. Respiration. 2023;102(11):948-960.
T. Klemm, W. Krimsky, K. Welz, A. Valipour. Retreatment of symptomatic Chronic Bronchitis with Bronchial Rheoplasty. BMJ Case Reports. bcr-2023-256764.R3. Accepted publication.
Abstracts
J. Brock, F. Herth, K. Darwiche, R. Hübner, D. Skowasch, et al. Bronchial Rheoplasty for Chronic Bronchitis: 6-Month Results from the European Registry Study. European Respiratory Journal 2023 62: OA2594; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.OA2594.
A. Valipour, S. Fernandez-Bussy, D. Steinfort, A. Ing, P. VanderLaan. Bronchial Rheoplasty Reduces Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Airway Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:A4538.
K. Darwiche, H. Zellerhoff, F. Herth, J. Brock, M. Meilinger, I. Sperk, A. Valipour. Bronchial Rheoplasty for Chronic Bronchitis: Initial Results from a European Registry Study with RheOx. European Respiratory Society Congress, Barcelona 2022.
F. Sciurba, A. Comellas, A. Majid, K. Hogarth, N. Marchetti, V. Kim, M. Dransfield. Bronchial Rheoplasty for Chronic Bronchitis: 2 Year Results from a US Feasibility Study with RheOx. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022;205:A5598.
D. Dorscheid, T. Shaipanich, M. Liberman, S. Martel, Marc Fortin. Bronchial Rheoplasty for Chronic Bronchitis: Results from A Canadian Feasibility Study with RheOx. Chest, Volume 160, Issue 4, Supplement, October 2021, Page A1860.
V. Kim, G. Criner, F. Sciurba, A. Comellas, A. Majid, K. Hogarth, N. Marchetti, M. Dransfield. Impact of Bronchial Rheoplasty on exacerbations in chronic bronchitis: a US feasibility study. European Respiratory Journal Sep 2021, 58 (suppl 65) PA2131; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.PA2131.
V. Kim, W. Krimsky, B. Bannan. Bronchial Rheoplasty improves respiratory and sleep symptoms in chronic bronchitis. European Respiratory Journal Sep 2021, 58 (suppl 65) PA2132; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.PA2132.
F.C. Sciurba , A.P. Comellas, A. Majid , D.K. Hogarth, N. Marchetti, V. Kim, G.J. Criner, M.T. Dransfield. Bronchial Rheoplasty for Chronic Bronchitis: Results from a US Feasibility Study with RheOx. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2021;203:A2263.
A. Valipour, S. Fernandez-Bussy, D. Steinfort, A. Ing, G. Snell. Bronchial Rheoplasty Treatment for Chronic Bronchitis Using the Rheox System: 12-Month Results of a Prospective, Multi-Center Study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2020;201:A4312
Valipour, A., Ing, A., Williamson, J., et al. Late Breaking Abstract – Bronchial Rheoplasty For Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis: 6 Month Results from a Prospective Multi-Center Study. European Respiratory Journal 2019; 54: Suppl. 63, RCT448.
Kim, V. et al. Bronchial Rheoplasty Increases Distal Airway Volume in Chronic Bronchitis. European Respiratory Journal 2019; 54: Suppl. 63, PA2040.
Valipour, A., Ing, A., Williamson, J., et al. First-in-Human Results of Bronchial Rheoplasty: An Endobronchial Treatment for Chronic Bronchitis (CB). American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2019;199:A7037.
Fernandez-Bussy, S., VanderLaan, P., Ing, A., Williamson, J. et al. Histopathologic Results Post Bronchial Rheoplasty. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2019;199:A7043.
Valipour, A., Ing, A., Williamson, J., et al. Late Breaking Abstract – First-in-Human Results of Bronchial Rheoplasty: An Endobronchial Treatment for Chronic Bronchitis (CB). European Respiratory Journal 2018 52: Suppl. 62, OA2162.
